SoK: Network-Level Attacks on the Bitcoin P2P Network

Over the last decade, Bitcoin has revolutionized global economic and technological landscape, inspiring a new generation of blockchain-based technologies. Its protocol is today among most influential for cryptocurrencies distributed networks. In particular, P2P layer represents reference point all permissionless blockchains, which often implement its solutions in their network layer. Unfortunately, lacks strong security model, leaving it exposed to several threats. Attacks at this level can affect reliability trustworthiness consensus layer, mining credibility whole system. It therefore utmost importance properly understand address protocol. paper, we give comprehensive detailed overview known network-level attacks Bitcoin, as well countermeasures that have been implemented We propose generic adversary an objective-based taxonomy attacks. Finally, identify core weaknesses study relationship between different types attack. believe our contribution help both experienced researchers broader deeper understanding threats, allow better modeling properties.